A "contest" is any game, puzzle, scheme, or plan which offers prospective participants the opportunity to receive or compete for gifts or prizes on the basis of skill or skill and chance, and which is conditioned wholly or partly on the payment of some value. "Contest" does not include a sporting event, performance, or tournament of skill, power or endurance between participants who are actually present.
A person who operates a contest may not represent, either directly or impliedly, that another has won any prize or item of value without disclosing its exact nature and approximate value. Similarly, representations may not be made to another that he or she has won any prize or item of value in a contest unless there has been a real contest in which at least a majority of the participants have failed to win.
The law requires every person who conducts a contest to disclose on each entry blank the deadline for submission of that entry.Use of the word "lucky" to describe an entry form or symbol, or any other implication that advantage is conferred on the participant in preference to other participants, is prohibited. So too is the use of simulated checks, currency or items of value unless they bear the words "SPECIMEN - NONNEGOTIABLE" clearly and conspicuously.
All contest and promotional puzzles and games must clearly and conspicuously disclose each of the following:
Clear and detailed disclosures regarding the nature of the contest and number of contestants also must be made. The total number of contestants anticipated, and the percentage of contestants correctly solving each puzzle (based on prior experience) must be disclosed with the first solicitation and whenever payment of money is required to become or remain a participant.. The exact nature and approximate value of the prizes must be disclosed clearly and conspicuously whenever prizes are offered.
Misrepresenting in any manner the odds of winning any prize is prohibited.; Representing directly or impliedly that the number of participants has been limited significantly, or that any particular person has been selected to win a prize, is prohibited unless that representation is a fact. All prizes of the value and type represented must be awarded and distribute.The opportunity to win a prize cannot be conditioned on a minimum number of entries or contest participants.
If a tie-breaker for extra cash or any other type of prize may be entered by paying money, it must be clearly disclosed to the participant that the payment is optional and that he or she is not required to make the payment to play for these prizes. Participants must be given, clearly and conspicuously, the opportunity to indicate that they wish to enter this phase of the contest for free. However, participants may be required to pay reasonable postage and handling fees, which must be clearly disclosed whenever their payment is required. Reasonable handling fees shall not exceed $1.50 plus the actual cost of postage.
Every person conducting a contest must refund within one year of payment anything of value received from a participant making written request if the participant was unable to participate through no fault of his or her own. Upon request by any participant, a list of names of all winners, prizes, and correct (and winning) solutions must be provided.Upon request by any member of the public, the actual number and percentage of contestants correctly solving each puzzle or game in the most recently completed contest must be provided.The operator of a contest must keep detailed records of a contest for at least two years after all the prizes are awarded.
These provisions do not apply to advertising programs that are regulated by, and comply with, the provisions of California law which govern the use of gifts or prizes to induce attendance at sales presentations (a type of promotional giveaway).Also, charitable trusts and corporations, or organizations which are exempt from taxation under state or federal law, are not bound by the provisions on the operation of contests.
Finally, a contest in which participation is conditioned on payment of value and in which prizes are awarded primarily by chance is a lottery rather than a contest. Under California law, only the California State Lottery may operate a lottery. All other lotteries, except bingo games operated by charitable organizations, are prohibited by California's Penal Code
Legal Guides on the rules prohibiting lotteries and the rules for promotional giveaways are available from the California Department of Consumer Affairs, through the department's homepage at www.dca.ca.gov .
A "sweepstakes"is any procedure for distributing anything of value by lot or chance. A sweepstakes must not violate any provision of law, including the law that prohibits lotteries.
Consumers often confuse sweepstakes, lotteries and contests. The main difference between a sweepstakes and ais that the lottery participants have paid or promised to pay value for the chance to win the prize.The main differences between a sweepstakes and aare that the contest participants must use at least some skill to win the prize and must pay some value to participate in the contest.
In regards to sweepstakes, however, solicitation materials containing sweepstakes entry material or selling information regarding sweepstakes (hereafter "solicitation materials") must include a clear and conspicuous statement that no purchase or payment is necessary in order to enter the sweepstakes. This statement must be included in the solicitation materials in either the official rules or the entry form and must be in readily understandable terms. If the statement is included in the official rules, it must be set out in a separate paragraph and be printed in capital letters in contrasting type. The statement cannot be smaller than the largest type used in the official rules).
A sweepstakes sponsor may not charge a fee as a condition of receiving a monetary distribution or obtaining information about a prize or sweepstakes.The official rules must disclose information about the date(s) the final winner(s) will be determined.
The operator of the sweepstakes must treat entries that are not accompanied by orders the same as entries that are accompanied by orders. That is, the operator cannot subject an entry that is not accompanied by an order to any disadvantage in the winner selection process that an entry accompanied by an order would not be subjected to.In addition, the solicitation materials cannot represent that an entry accompanied by an order may win or may win more prizes than an entry not accompanied by an order, and cannot represent that an entry not accompanied by an order will have a reduced chance of winning.
Solicitation materials cannot represent that the recipient is a winner or has already won a prize unless the recipient has in fact won a prize. Any such representation is evaluated taking into account the context in which the representation is made (for example, the print, size and presentation of the representation and any qualifying language).
It is also unlawful for sweepstakes offerors to make the following representations in solicitation materials if they are not true: that a person has been specially selected., is receiving special treatment or personal attention,.is receiving a second or final notice of the opportunity to receive or compete for a prize,or that a notice is urgent or to otherwise convey urgency by the use of description, phrasing, or similar factors.An indication of urgency in solicitation materials may, however, be used when there is a limited time period in which the recipient must take some action to claim or be eligible to receive a prize and the date by which that action must occur is clearly and conspicuously disclosed in the solicitation materials.Solicitation materials also must not mislead the public into believing that the materials are from (or authorized by) any court, official, U.S. or state agency, lawyer, law firm, insurance or brokerage company, or be misleading as to their source, authorization or approval.
In the past, some sweepstakes have sought to solicit or sell "information-access services." Information-access services typically are "900" or "976"; numbers.Effective January 1, 1999, it is unlawful for any person to sell or solicit an information-access service in any manner related to a sweepstakes.A person may, however, operate a sweepstakes in California through the use of a "900" or "976" number, but must register with the Department of Justice within 10 days after advertising the sweepstakes in this state.The sweepstakes operator cannot refer to the fact that he or she is registered with the Department of Justice in any contact with the public.
Solicitations offering people in California the opportunity to participate in a sweepstakes must disclose the odds of receiving each prize offered.The disclosure must be clear and conspicuous in a format such as "1 chance in 100,000" or "1:100,000." If more than one prize is offered, the odds of winning each prize must be separately stated. The disclosure of odds must appear immediately adjacent to the first identification of the prize to which it relates, or in a separate section called "Official Rules" or "Consumer Disclosure." If the disclosure appears in the Official Rules or Consumer Disclosure, there must be a clear and conspicuous statement close to the description of the prizes that directs the recipient to the appropriate section.
Any person who violates the provisions on operation of contests or sweepstakes is guilty of a misdemeanor,and may be prosecuted by the Attorney General or by a district attorney. These provisions also are enforceable by civil court actions which can be filed by private parties, district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel, the Attorney General and other agencies of the State. Depending on the nature of the action, remedies may include civil penalties of up to $2,500 for each violation, injunction, and restitution.A contest or sweepstakes which violates these provisions also may be subject to an additional civil penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation as an unlawful business practice.
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